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Organic Matter Reactions Involving Herbicides in Soil¹

ABSTRACT

Documentary evidence is presented in support of the view that organic matter plays a major role in the adsorption of herbicides in soil, and that organic matter content is usually the soil factor most directly related to herbicidal behavior. Major attention is given to the nature and origin of humic and fulvic acids, with special emphasis being given to the types of reactive sites responsible for the binding of pesticide chemicals. The various aspects of humus chemistry are discussed as they relate to investigations on herbicide-soil organic matter relationships, including the inadequacies of methylation procedures for blocking specific functional groups in connection with bonding mechanism studies. Adsorption mechanisms are suggested and possible chemical transformations brought about by organic substances are outlined.

Key Words: adsorption • fulvic acid • humic acid • pesticide reactions • soil organic matter

¹ Contribution from the Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana. Financial support of research on soil organic matter by the Illinois Agr. Exp. Sta. is acknowledged. Paper presented Aug. 18, 1971, in New York City at the annual meeting of the ASA as part of the Division C-3 symposium "Fate and Economic Impact of Herbicides."

² Professor of Soil Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana. 61801.

Received for publication January 4, 1972.