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Potential of an Eroding Urban Soil for the Phosphorus Enrichment of Streams: I. Evaluation of Methods¹

ABSTRACT

Eroding noncalcareous and calcareous soil horizons sampled on an urban development site sorbed a varying proportion of added inorganic phosphate (P). At an added P level of 600 µg P/liter (30 µg P/g soil in 50 ml of 0.1M NaCI), the A1 horizon showed a net release of P whereas the B1 and 3C1 horizons sorbed 96 and 53% of the added P, respectively. The appreciable release of P from the A1 horizon is attributed to the presence of a small amount of a moderately soluble P fertilizer-soil reaction product. In simulated stream systems employing a solution/soil ratio of 1000:1, initial added P concentrations of 0 and 50 µg P/liter, and adequate aeration, approximately 50% of the final P concentration was attained in less than 3 hours. Release of P (50 µg P/liter) from the A1 horizon was independent of the initial P concentration. The B1 horizon released 10 µg P/liter, twice that released by the 3C1 horizon, whereas these two horizons sorbed approximately equal amounts of added P. In a system containing a 1:1 mixture of the A1 and B1 horizons, the amount of P released by the A1 in the presence or absence of added P was greater than that capable of being sorbed by the B1 horizon. Initial P concentrations were shown to be more important than the solution/soil ratio in determining the extent of uptake and release of P by the soil horizons. The use of a 400:1 solution/soil ratio and low levels of added P (0 to 200 µg P/liter) provides a useful basis for developing a routine test for evaluating the potential of eroding soils for the P enrichment of streams.

Key Words: sorption of P • desorption of P • release of P • simulated stream systems

¹ Contribution from the Dep. of Soil Science, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison. Research supported by the College of Agr. and Life Sci., by the Office of Water Resources Res. Proj. No. WRC 71-10 (OWRR A-038-WIS), and by the Eastern Deciduous Forest Biome Proj., International Biological Prog., National Science Foundation subcontract 3351, under Interagency Agreement AG-199, 40-193-69, with the Atomic Energy Comm., Oak Ridge Nat'l. Lab.

² Formerly Graduate Research Assistant, now Graduate Student; and formerly Associate Professor, now Professor of Soil Science; Massey Univ., Palmerston North, New Zealand. The third author is Associate Professor of Soil Science, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison.

Received for publication February 18, 1972.

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