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Redistribution of Biosolids-Derived Total Phosphorus Applied to a Mollisol

Agronomy Dep., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011-1010,

Carl W. Mize

Forestry Dep., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011-1010.

^* Corresponding author (mlthomps{at}iastate.edu).

ABSTRACT

The amount of P applied to land with biosolids is generally more than plants need when the application rate is based on the potentially available N. The subsequent accumulation of P is of environmental rather than agronomic concern, because it could lead to eutrophication of water bodies if P is carried off-site in surface runoff, subsurface drainage water, or eroded soil. In a large-scale field study with three biosolids application rates (approximately 0, 7.4, and 13.0 Mg dry matter ha^–1), we investigated the redistribution of P derived from surface-applied biosolids in soil under poplars and switchgrass. Soil samples were collected from two depths (0–5 cm and 5–25 cm), and total P was determined by colorimetry after strong acid digestion. Total P in mobile soil water samples collected by zero-tension lysimeters was determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. After 6 yr of continuous biosolids application to poplar tree (Populus sp.) plots, total P in soil increased significantly ( = 0.05) at both the 0- to 5- and 5- to 25-cm depths under poplars. Also at both depths, a linear relationship between total P in soil and the amount of P applied with biosolids ( = 0.05) was found. Under switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), total P increased significantly ( = 0.05) at only the 0- to 5-cm depth. A linear relationship between total P in soil and the amount of P applied with biosolids ( = 0.05) was found at the 0- to 5-cm depth under switchgrass but not at the 5- to 25-cm depth. The amount of P taken up annually by switchgrass was estimated to be five times more than that taken up by poplars. The amount of P leached in mobile soil solution of switchgrass plots was estimated to be twice that leached in soil solution of poplar tree plots. Phosphorus that accumulated in the upper 5 cm of the soil accounted for 45% or more of the total P applied with biosolids, except for the low biosolids application rate to switchgrass plots where the value was 28%.

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