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Nitrogen Availability and Leaching from Soil Amended with Municipal Solid Waste Compost

Dep. of Soil, Water, and Climate, Univ. of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108.

^* Corresponding author (crosen{at}soils.umn.edu).

ABSTRACT

Beneficial use of municipal solid waste compost depends on identifying a management strategy that supports crop production and protects water quality. Effects of compost and N fertilizer management strategies on corn (Zea mays L.) yield and NO^–₃-N leaching were evaluated in a 3-yr study on a Hubbard loamy sand soil (sandy, mixed, Udorthentic Haploboroll). Two composts were each applied at either 90 Mg ha^–1 yr^–1 from 1993 to 1995, or at 270 Mg ha^–1 in one application in 1993. The compost and non-amended plots were sidedressed annually with N fertilizer as urea at 0, 125, and 250 kg ha^–1. Biochemical properties of the compost as well as compost management strongly affected crop response and fate of N. Compost increased grain yield with no significant yield response to N fertilizer with the single compost application in Year 1 and the annual compost application in Year 3. Plant N uptake increased with N fertilizer rate, except in the 270 Mg ha^–1 compost treatments in Year 1. Over the 3-yr period, NO^–₃-N leaching with the 270 Mg ha^–1 compost application was 1.8 times greater compared to that with the annual application. The estimated N mineralization ranged from 0 to 12% and 3 to 6% in the annual and single compost addition, respectively. Under the conditions of this study, annual compost application with reduced supplemental N fertilizer was the best management strategy to reach optimum crop yield while minimizing NO^–1-N leaching losses.

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