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Mobility of Cadmium-109 and Zinc-65 in Soil Influenced by Equilibration Time, Temperature, and Organic Matter

Dep. of Soil and Water Sciences, PB 5028, 1432 Aas, Norway.

B. Salbu

Dep. of Chemistry and Biotechnology, PB 5026, 1432 Aas, Norway.

^* Corresponding author (asgeir.almas{at}ijvf.nlh.no).

ABSTRACT

Partitioning of ¹⁰⁹Cd and ⁶⁵Zn fractions in an alum shale soil as affected by time, temperature, and organic matter was investigated. The soil was extracted sequentially by H₂0 (F1), 1 M NH₄OAc at pH 7 (F2), 1 M NH₄OAc at pH 5 (F3), 0.04 M NH₂OH HCl (F4), 30% H₂O₂ (F5), and finally by 7 M HNO₃ (F6). Sequential extraction of metals was performed on soil samples collected at time intervals ranging from 0.5 to 8760 h (1 yr) after spiking the soil with ¹⁰⁹Cd and ⁶⁵Zn. The soil was placed incipiently in temperature controlled climate chambers at 9, 15, and 21°C. Before spiking, the soil was treated with 0 or 4% organic matter. Adsorption of ¹⁰⁹Cd and ⁶⁵Zn was rapid, but a subsequent slow diffusion of the metals toward chemisorbed fractions was also evident since the ¹⁰⁹Cd and ⁶⁵Zn concentrations decreased in the three mobile fractions (F1–F3) and increased in the inert fractions (F4, F5, F6 and F7) with time. Temperature elevation resulted in decreased concentrations of ¹⁰⁹Cd and ⁶⁵Zn in the F2 and F3 fractions, whereas the concentrations of these metals increased in the inert fractions. In the organic matter-treated soil, ¹⁰⁹Cd and ⁶⁵Zn were increased significantly in the mobile fractions, with a corresponding reduction of ¹⁰⁹Cd and ⁶⁵Zn in the inert fractions. The effect of organic matter was more pronounced at 9°C than at 21°C. The results thus indicate that increasing time and temperature reduce the organic matter-induced mobilization of ¹⁰⁹Cd and ⁶⁵Zn in soil.

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