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TECHNICAL REPORT
ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT

Implementation of Sulfate Adsorption in the SAFE Model

Department of Chemical Engineering II, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden

Corresponding author (tamon{at}niaes.affrc.go.jp)

Received for publication November 12, 1999. An SO^2-₄ adsorption submodel has been implemented in the dynamic soil chemistry model SAFE. The submodel calculates pH-dependent SO^2-₄ and H⁺ adsorption to the soil, as well as the net surface charge development due to uneven adsorption of SO^2-₄ and H⁺, using the empirical equations derived from an electrostatic model (Extended Constant Capacitance Model, ECCM) of SO^2-₄ adsorption. The resulting new SAFE model was applied on a roof experiment plot in the Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.] stand at Solling, Germany, where atmospheric S and N deposition was artificially reduced by the roof construction. The model performance was compared with the previous versions that used a pH-independent Freudlich model of SO^2-₄ adsorption or assumed no SO^2-₄ adsorption. With the ECCM-based SO^2-₄ adsorption submodel, SAFE simulated soil solution SO^2-₄ concentration and base saturation better, in comparison with measured data, than with the previous SO^2-₄ adsorption formulations. Through the model application, also, need of additional improvement was suggested, such as calibration of mass transfer coefficients.

Abbreviations: ANC, acid neutralizing capacity • ECCM, Extended Constant Capacitance Model