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TECHNICAL REPORT
BIOREMEDIATION AND BIODEGRADATION

Phytoremediation of Aged Petroleum Sludge

Effect of Inorganic Fertilizer

^a Assistant Professor of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State Univ., 147 Seaton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66507
^b Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, Purdue Univ., 1284 Civil Engineering Building, West Lafayette, IN 47907
^c Associate Professor of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., 1150 Lily Hall of Life Sciences, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1150

Corresponding author (sllhutch{at}ksu.edu)

Received for publication July 2, 1999. Phytoremediation is a promising new technology that uses higher plants to enhance biodegradation. Nutrient availability is an important factor governing the success of phytoremediation and can be regulated through the addition of fertilizer. A greenhouse study was conducted to assess the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus for the phytoremediation of petroleum sludge. Degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) was quantified for six fertilization rates and three vegetation treatments: bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and an unvegetated control. During the first 6 mo of the experiment, TPH declined by an average of 49% with no significant differences between treatments. After 1 yr, TPH degradation was significantly greater in both vegetated treatments with a mean TPH reduction of 68% for bermuda, 62% for fescue, and 57% for the unvegetated control. Degradation of TPH in the fescue and bermuda treatments was significantly lower in the treatments in which no fertilizer was added or N and P were added simply to maintain plant growth compared with the higher rates of fertilization. For this short-term, greenhouse experiment, optimal remediation was obtained by fertilization that produced a C to N to P ratio of 100:2:0.2.

Abbreviations: EC, electrolytic conductivity • GC, gas chromatography • TPH, total petroleum hydrocarbons

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