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Minimizing the Impact of Pesticides on the Riverine Environment in Australia

Profenofos Residues in Wild Fish from Cotton-Growing Areas of New South Wales, Australia

^a Dep. of Biological Sciences, Macquarie Univ., North Ryde NSW 2113 Australia
^b Environment Protection Authority, NSW, located at EPA and Univ. of Technology, Sydney, Centre for Ecotoxicology, Westbourne Street, Gore Hill NSW 2065 Australia
^c School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia

Corresponding author (chapmanj{at}epa.nsw.gov.au)

Received for publication October 8, 1999. The organophosphorus (OP) pesticide profenofos (O-4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate) is used heavily in cotton-growing areas of eastern Australia toward the end of the growing season. European carp (Cyprinus carpio), bony bream (Nematalosa erebi), and mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) were collected from the cotton-growing areas around Wee Waa, New South Wales, to determine the relationship between profenofos residues and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in wild fish. Profenofos concentrations in water, sediment, and fish tissue reflected its general level of use; levels in March 1994 were significantly higher than in 1993 and generally decreased in May, 6 wk after cessation of spraying. Residues in carp and bony bream generally correlated with concentrations in water and sediment, although residues in fish tend to persist longer at some sites. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition was a useful indicator of profenofos exposure within a season, particularly if linked with residue measurements. Bony bream and gravid female mosquitofish recovered AChE levels more slowly than carp or nongravid mosquitofish. Recovery in creeks was generally more rapid than in lagoons.

Abbreviations: AChE, acetylcholinesterase • ANOVA, analysis of variance • OP, organophosphorus • PCCM, Pearson Correlation Coefficient Matrix