HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Figures Only Full Text Free Full Text (PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (2) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Liu, F. Articles by O'Connell, N. V. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Liu, F. Articles by O'Connell, N. V. GeoRef GeoRef Citation Agricola Articles by Liu, F. Articles by O'Connell, N. V. Related Collections Water Quality Agricultural Pesticides Surface Water Quality Ground Water Quality

TECHNICAL REPORTS
Ground Water Quality

Simazine Runoff from Citrus Orchards Affected by Shallow Mechanical Incorporation

^a Kearney Agricultural Center, Univ. of California, Parlier, CA 93648
^b Cooperative Extension, Univ. of California, Tulare County, Tulare, CA 93274

* Corresponding author (fliu{at}uckac.edu)

Received for publication January 10, 2002. Simazine (6-chloro-N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) losses via runoff in California are a potential source of environmental contamination because simazine is widely used for weed control during the rainy season from November to March. This study was conducted in two citrus orchards from three rainfall events to evaluate the effects of shallow mechanical incorporation on simazine losses in runoff during the winter. Simazine losses in runoff were compared between row middles that were either undisturbed, the normal orchard practice, or subjected to shallow mechanical incorporation. Mechanical incorporation of row middles significantly reduced runoff volumes by approximately 45 and 28% for the first and second runoff events, respectively. In undisturbed plots, simazine concentrations in runoff from the first runoff event ranged from 0.62 to 0.73 mg L^-1; then simazine concentrations rapidly decreased (0.03–0.35 mg L^-1 ) from the second and third runoff events. In disturbed plots, simazine concentrations in runoff from the first runoff event ranged from 0.21 to 0.24 mg^-1, but simazine concentrations remained relatively constant between the three runoff events. Total mass recoveries of simazine in runoff ranged from 1.93 to 2.97% and from 0.70 to 0.74% of application from the undisturbed plots and from the disturbed plots, respectively. Low water infiltration rate inhibited surface-applied herbicide incorporation into the soil matrix with natural rainfall in compacted soils. Mechanical incorporation of row middles significantly reduced runoff volumes, simazine concentrations, and mass losses in runoff after application.