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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Atmospheric Pollutants and Trace Gases

Ammonia Volatilization from Marsh–Pond–Marsh Constructed Wetlands Treating Swine Wastewater

^a USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501
^b USDA-ARS, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
^c Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411

^* Corresponding author (poach{at}florence.ars.usda.gov).

Received for publication April 9, 2003. Ammonia (NH₃) volatilization is an undesirable mechanism for the removal of nitrogen (N) from wastewater treatment wetlands. To minimize the potential for NH₃ volatilization, it is important to determine how wetland design affects NH₃ volatilization. The objective of this research was to determine how the presence of a pond section affects NH₃ volatilization from constructed wetlands treating wastewater from a confined swine operation. Wastewater was added at different N loads to six constructed wetlands of the marsh–pond–marsh design that were located in Greensboro, North Carolina, USA. A large enclosure was used to measure NH₃ volatilization from the marsh and pond sections of each wetland in July and August of 2001. Ammonia volatilized from marsh and pond sections at rates ranging from 5 to 102 mg NH₃–N m^–2 h^–1. Pond sections exhibited a significantly greater increase in the rate of NH₃ volatilization (p < 0.0001) than did either marsh section as N load increased. At N loads greater than 15 kg ha^–1 d^–1, NH₃ volatilization accounted for 23 to 36% of the N load. Furthermore, NH₃ volatilization was the dominant (54–79%) N removal mechanism at N loads greater than 15 kg ha^–1 d^–1. Without the pond sections, NH₃ volatilization would have been a minor contributor (less than 12%) to the N balance of these wetlands. To minimize NH₃ volatilization, continuous marsh systems should be preferred over marsh–pond–marsh systems for the treatment of wastewater from confined animal operations.

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