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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Atmospheric Pollutants and Trace Gases

Ammonia Volatilization from Surface-Applied Poultry Litter under Conservation Tillage Management Practices

Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677

^* Corresponding author (rsharpe{at}uga.edu).

Received for publication February 25, 2003. Land application of poultry litter can provide essential plant nutrients for crop production, but ammonia (NH₃) volatilization from the litter can be detrimental to the environment. A multiseason study was conducted to quantify NH₃ volatilization rates from surface-applied poultry litter under no-till and paraplowed conservation tillage managements. Litter was applied to supply 90 to 140 kg N ha^–1. Evaluation of NH₃ volatilization was determined using gas concentrations and the flux-gradient gas transport technique using the momentum balance transport coefficient. Ammonia fluxes ranged from 3.3 to 24% of the total N applied during the winter and summer, respectively. Ammonia volatilization was rapid immediately after litter application and stopped within 7 to 8 d. Precipitation of 17 mm essentially halted volatilization, probably by transporting litter N into the soil matrix. Application of poultry to conservation-tilled cropland immediately before rainfall events would reduce N losses to the atmosphere but could also increase NO₃ leaching and runoff to streams and rivers.

Abbreviations: DOY, day of year • NT, no-till • PP, paraplowed

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