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TECHNICAL REPORTS

3,4-Dimethylpyrazol Phosphate Effect on Nitrous Oxide, Nitric Oxide, Ammonia, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Grasslands

^a Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
^b Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, NEIKER. B^o Berreaga 1. E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain

^* Corresponding author (gvbmevis{at}ehu.es)

Received for publication August 22, 2005. Intensively managed grasslands are potentially a large source of NH₃, N₂O, and NO emissions because of the large input of nitrogen (N) in fertilizers. Addition of nitrification inhibitors (NI) to fertilizers maintains soil N in ammonium form. Consequently, N₂O and NO losses are less likely to occur and the potential for N utilization is increased, and NH₃ volatilization may be increased. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) on NH₃, N₂O, NO, and CO₂ emissions following the application of 97 kg N ha^–1 as ammonium sulfate nitrate (ASN) and 97 kg NH₄⁺–N ha^–1 as cattle slurry to a mixed clover–ryegrass sward in the Basque Country (northern Spain). After slurry application, 16.0 and 0.7% of the NH₄⁺–N applied was lost in the form of N₂O and NO, respectively. The application of DMPP induced a decrease of 29 and 25% in N₂O and NO emissions, respectively. After ASN application 4.6 and 2.8% of the N applied was lost as N₂O and NO, respectively. The application of DMPP with ASN (as ENTEC 26; COMPO, Münster, Germany) unexpectedly did not significantly reduce N₂O emissions, but induced a decrease of 44% in NO emissions. The amount of NH₄⁺–N lost in the form of NH₃ following slurry and slurry + DMPP applications was 7.8 and 11.0%, respectively, the increase induced by DMPP not being statistically significant. Levels of CO₂ emissions were unaffected in all cases by the use of DMPP. We conclude that DMPP is an efficient nitrification inhibitor to be used to reduce N₂O and NO emissions from grasslands.

Abbreviations: ASN, ammonium sulfate nitrate • DMPP, 3,4-dimethylpyrazol phosphate • NI, nitrification inhibitors • WFPS, water filled pore space

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