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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Waste Management

Runoff and Leachate Losses of Phosphorus in a Sandy Spodosol Amended with Biosolids

^a Soil Science Dep., P.O. Box 09, Univ. of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil 13418-900
^b Soil and Water Science Dep., P.O. Box 110510, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0510

^* Corresponding author (alleoni{at}esalq.usp.br).

Received for publication July 31, 2006. Florida Spodosols are sandy, inherently low in Fe- and Al-based minerals, and sorb phosphorus (P) poorly. We evaluated runoff and leachate P losses from a typical Florida Spodosol amended with biosolids and triple superphosphate (TSP). Phosphorus losses were evaluated with traditional indoor rainfall simulations but used a double-deck box arrangement that allowed leaching and runoff to be determined simultaneously. Biosolids (Lakeland, OCUD, Milorganite, and Disney) represented contrasting values of total P, percent water-extractable P (PWEP), and percentage of solids. All P sources were surface applied at 224 kg P ha^–1, representing a soil P rate typical of N-based biosolids application. All biosolids-P sources lost less P than TSP, and leachate-P losses generally dominated. For Lakeland-amended soil, bioavailable P (BAP) was mainly lost by runoff (81% of total BAP losses). This behavior was due to surface sealing and drying after application of the slurry (31 g kg^–1 solids) material. For all other P sources, BAP losses in leachate were much greater than in runoff, representing 94% of total BAP losses for TSP, 80% for Milorganite, 72% for Disney, and 69% for OCUD treatments. Phosphorus leaching can be extreme and represents a great concern in many coarse-textured Florida Spodosols and other coastal plain soils with low P-sorption capacities. The PWEP values of P sources were significantly correlated with total P and BAP losses in runoff and leachate. The PWEP of a source can serve as a good indicator of potential P loss when amended to sandy soils with low P-retention capacities.

Abbreviations: BAP, bioavailable phosphorus • DOP, dissolved organic phosphorus • ISP, iron-impregnated strips • PP, particulate phosphorus • PSI, phosphorus saturation index • PWEP percentage of water-extractable phosphorus • SRP, soluble reactive phosphorus • TDP, total dissolved phosphorus • TP, total phosphorus • TSP, triple superphosphate • WEP, water-extractable phosphorus

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Agyin-Birikorang, G. A. O'Connor, and S. R. Brinton Evaluating Phosphorus Loss from a Florida Spodosol as Affected by Phosphorus-Source Application Methods J. Environ. Qual., May 1, 2008; 37(3): 1180 - 1189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]