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Nitrate, Phosphate, and Potassium Movement into Drainage Lines Under Three Soil Management Systems¹

ABSTRACT

Nitrate, orthophosphate, and potassium concentrations in drainage water were determined from subsurface drains installed in shallow-tilled (ST), (15 cm); deep-tilled (DT), (107 cm); and deep-tilled and limed (DTL) Florida Oldsmar sand planted to citrus (Citrus sp.). The drainage water samples were collected during the period May 1971 through July 1972. Total discharge of NO₃-N was significantly greater from ST plots than either DT or DTL plots. The NO₃-N in the drainage water from all treatments ranged from < 1 – 8 mg/liter during the period of study. Concentrations <1 mg PO₄-P/liter were common in the drainage water from all plots during this period while K concentrations varied between 1 and 12 mg/liter. Peak concentrations and discharge of fertilizer nutrients were shown to be a function of rainfall, irrigation, and timing of fertilizations. Deeply incorporated limestone applications into the subsoil tended to increase the NO₃-N and decrease PO₄-P discharged over that from deep tillage alone.

Key Words: spodosols • citrus • leaching • tillage • liming • water quality

¹ Contributions from the Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant (SWAP) Project, by University of Florida Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Research Center (Citrus Division), Fort Pierce, in cooperation with the Florida-Antilles Area, Southern Region, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Presented before Div. A-5, Soil Science Society of America, 2 Nov. 1972 in Miami Beach, Florida. Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations Journal Series No. 5450 received 1974.

² Associate Soil Chemist, IFAS, ARC, P. O. Box 248, Fort Pierce, FL 33450.

Received for publication June 6, 1974.