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Growth and Cadmium Accumulation of Plants Grown on a Soil Treated with a Cadmium-Enriched Sewage Sludge¹

ABSTRACT

Corn, wheat, rice, field bean, soybean, cabbage, spinach, lettuce, curlycress, carrot, turnip, radish, tomato, and squash plants were grown to commercial harvest stage using as the substrate, soil pre-treated with a municipal sewage sludge (1%) containing variable amounts of CdSO₄ up to 640 µg Cd/g soil. Observations included injury symptoms, yield decrement, Cd level of diagnostic tissue, and Cd and Zn content of harvested produce. Cadmium-sensitive plants such as spinach, soybean, curlycress, and lettuce were injured by soil Cd levels of 4–13 µg Cd/g soil; whereas, tomato and cabbage tolerated soil levels of approximately 170 µg Cd/g soil without exhibiting injury symptoms. Rice was tolerant at all levels tested. Leafy plants such as lettuce, spinach, and turnip greens (tops) accumulated 175 to 354 µg Cd/g; whereas, fruit and seed tissue of plants under comparable treatment, with the exception of soybean, accumulated no more than 10 to 15 µg Cd/g tissue. The concentrations for soybean extended up to 30 µg Cd/g tissue. Paddy rice exhibited no ill effects for soil Cd treatments up to 640 µg Cd/g soil. Grain of plants under the 640 µg Cd/g treatment contained 2 µg Cd/g tissue. DPTA-extractable Cd correlated (r=0.99) with the level of CdSO₄ added to the substrate.

Key Words: Cd availability • Cd toxicity for economic plants • DTPA extractable Cd

¹ Contribution of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92502; presented before Div. A-5 and S-4, Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Las Vegas, Nev. 13 Nov. 1973.

² The first two authors are Professors of Soil Science and the latter are Research Associates.

Received for publication June 21, 1974.