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Effect of Incubation and Contact with Soil on Microbial and Nitrogen Changes in Poultry Manure¹

ABSTRACT

Microbial and chemical changes in poultry manure as affected by incubation and contact with soil were studied, as these changes may influence potential pollution hazards. Manure and litter mixed with soil contained greater numbers of bacteria and fungi than manure alone. Fungi decreased rapidly between 7 and 14 days incubation, increasing thereafter. Fungal population was inversely related to soil pH which was directly related to NH₃. Total coliform bacteria decreased more rapidly when manure was mixed with soil than when not mixed. Few coliforms survived after 28 days. Higher total coliform survival occurred in the litter than in pure manure indicating a protective effect of wood shavings. Ammonia decreased survival of coliforms. Incorporation of manure into the soil greatly increased the amount of N oxidized to NO₃. Split applications of manure reduced soil NO₃. Air drying of manure resulted in greater N loss than rapid drying with heat.

Key Words: nitrates • ammonia volatilization • coliforms • ammonia toxicity

¹ Contribution from the University of Georgia, College Experiment Station.

² Professor of Agronomy and Graduate Research Assistant, respectively. Department of Agronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.

Received for publication July 12, 1974.

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