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Phosphorus and Sediment Loss in a Catchment with Winter Forage Grazing of Cropland by Dairy Cattle

AgResearch Ltd., Invermay Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 50034 Mosgiel, Otago, New Zealand

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Digital elevation model of the Dull Burn catchment showing the location of previous trial plots (McDowell et al., 2003a, 2005a), the stream, and the Olsen P concentration in November 2001.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Flow at the upstream and downstream flumes. Gray bands indicate when the cropped paddock was grazed.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Box (median and 25 and 75% quartile) and whisker (5 and 95% of range) plots of P fractions, suspended sediment, and E. coli concentrations at upstream and downstream flumes in 2002 and 2003.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Cumulative loads of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total phosphorus (TP), and suspended sediment (SS) per hectare versus cumulative flow per hectare. Gray bands indicate when the cropped paddock was grazed, and arrows when stock were let into the stream channel.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Flow and concentration during two events in early winter 2002. The first on the fourth of May trailed a grazing event in the stream by 4 wk, after which cattle were not allowed to graze the stream bed until the following autumn.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Particle size distribution in overland flow from cropped soil 1 and 14 d after cattle dung had been applied (redrawn from McDowell et al., 2005b).