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Water Movement within the Unsaturated Zone in Four Agricultural Areas of the United States

^a USGS, 160 N. Stephanie Street, Henderson, Nevada, 89074
^b USGS, MS 413, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado, 80225. Use of trade, product, or firm names herein does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. National map showing agricultural study sites.

View larger version (28K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Long-term mean and monthly and annual precipitation for 2004 for the (a) Indiana, (b) Maryland, (c) California, and (d) Washington study sites.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Water balance for the (a) Indiana, (b) Maryland, (c) California, and (d) Washington study sites including cumulative water input, evapotranspiration, recharge, drainage, and daily change in soil moisture storage.

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Daily precipitation, irrigation, soil volumetric moisture content, and groundwater elevation for the Indiana, Maryland, California, and Washington intensive unsaturated zone study sites. Also shown are the depths below land surface for each water content reflectometer used to monitor volumetric moisture content and the elevations of the land surface above the 1988 National Geodetic Vertical Datum.

View larger version (39K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Seasonal distribution of (a) total water input, and (b) total recharge for each study site.

View larger version (13K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Profiles of total hydraulic head with depth in the unsaturated zone for (a) the California study site during a period of no irrigation after the last growing season irrigation event in mid-August and (b) the Washington study site before irrigation (7 June 2004) and after the first irrigation event on 8 June 2004.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Time series of the concentration of bromide at different depths in the unsaturated zone at the (a) Indiana, (b) Maryland, (c) California, and (d) Washington study sites.